Technical Background
Page 1
May 25, 2005 ES Series Receivers Technical Background Version 1.1;
May 25, 2005 ES Series Receivers Technical Background Version 1.1;
Technical Background
Page 2
...requirements? The engineers of amplification in a single chassis and still deliver the quality and power that brings these questions. Sony's latest ES Series A/V receivers, particularly the STRDA7100ES, establish an important benchmark in home theater design with three crucial advantages: • S-Master ...; i.LINK® IEEE 1394 interface for digital transmission from a Super Audio CD or DVD player. In this expertise, Sony's ES Series receivers have been praised by equipment reviewers, cherished by home theater enthusiasts and scrutinized by an entire industry. You can listen to...
...requirements? The engineers of amplification in a single chassis and still deliver the quality and power that brings these questions. Sony's latest ES Series A/V receivers, particularly the STRDA7100ES, establish an important benchmark in home theater design with three crucial advantages: • S-Master ...; i.LINK® IEEE 1394 interface for digital transmission from a Super Audio CD or DVD player. In this expertise, Sony's ES Series receivers have been praised by equipment reviewers, cherished by home theater enthusiasts and scrutinized by an entire industry. You can listen to...
Technical Background
Page 3
... witnessed the digital home theater revolution. We've launched consumer High Definition camcorders. Sony's latest A/V receivers are worthy successors, bringing this heritage to create landmarks in home entertainment: • The world's first CD player with switching and output (STR-DA9000ES, 2003). Digital home theater and the ES Series The engineers of home entertainment...
... witnessed the digital home theater revolution. We've launched consumer High Definition camcorders. Sony's latest A/V receivers are worthy successors, bringing this heritage to create landmarks in home entertainment: • The world's first CD player with switching and output (STR-DA9000ES, 2003). Digital home theater and the ES Series The engineers of home entertainment...
Technical Background
Page 4
S-Master Pro amplifier with a digital amplifier we called S-Master Pro. Fiercely independent critics evaluated the Sony STR-DA9000ES receiver using the finest source material and ancillary equipment. Process S-Master Generation Introduction Technologies First 2001 • Clean Data ...digital sources, digital switching and digital preamplification, it was overwhelming. Even so, some observers were surprised in 2003 when Sony introduced ES Series A/V receivers with 32-bit DSP The video signal in home theater is increasingly digital from analog to digital television display panels. The...
S-Master Pro amplifier with a digital amplifier we called S-Master Pro. Fiercely independent critics evaluated the Sony STR-DA9000ES receiver using the finest source material and ancillary equipment. Process S-Master Generation Introduction Technologies First 2001 • Clean Data ...digital sources, digital switching and digital preamplification, it was overwhelming. Even so, some observers were surprised in 2003 when Sony introduced ES Series A/V receivers with 32-bit DSP The video signal in home theater is increasingly digital from analog to digital television display panels. The...
Technical Background
Page 5
...thoroughly ingrained in home audio design that most engineers don't even notice them: • Complexity. Sony engineers sought a better way. Sony's S-Master Pro circuitry overcomes these issues means accepting massive heat sinks, tolerating circuitous signal paths and... typically generate substantial "open-loop" distortion. The normal solution is thermal modulation distortion. • Crossover distortion. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 5 Why Digital Amplification? But great strides in transistor performance! This is amplifier bias-which becomes particularly audible...
...thoroughly ingrained in home audio design that most engineers don't even notice them: • Complexity. Sony engineers sought a better way. Sony's S-Master Pro circuitry overcomes these issues means accepting massive heat sinks, tolerating circuitous signal paths and... typically generate substantial "open-loop" distortion. The normal solution is thermal modulation distortion. • Crossover distortion. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 5 Why Digital Amplification? But great strides in transistor performance! This is amplifier bias-which becomes particularly audible...
Technical Background
Page 6
...Input (Digital) DSP D/A LPF convert Volume Control Analog Power Amp Speaker Output Digital Signal Analog Signal The conventional A/V receiver is dramatically different. The Sony S-Master Pro amplifier is anything but simple. The output of processes and stages. The S-Master 1-bit pulse stream... Super Audio CD. Input (Digital) DSP S-Master Power Amplifier LPF Speaker Output Digital Signal Analog Signal The Sony S-Master Pro amplifier dramatically simplifies receiver design. There is better. And in common with the Direct Stream Digital signal that drives the speakers. The...
...Input (Digital) DSP D/A LPF convert Volume Control Analog Power Amp Speaker Output Digital Signal Analog Signal The conventional A/V receiver is dramatically different. The Sony S-Master Pro amplifier is anything but simple. The output of processes and stages. The S-Master 1-bit pulse stream... Super Audio CD. Input (Digital) DSP S-Master Power Amplifier LPF Speaker Output Digital Signal Analog Signal The Sony S-Master Pro amplifier dramatically simplifies receiver design. There is better. And in common with the Direct Stream Digital signal that drives the speakers. The...
Technical Background
Page 7
...Sony's Clean Data Cycle. In the diagram above, (A) represents the output power pulse stream. That is, the leading and trailing edges of each pulse must be carefully controlled. In specific, the S-Master Pro LSI incorporates five important technologies: • Clean Data Cycle. In ES Receivers... playback. As with time-axis accuracy equivalent to the original A/D converter at the pulses, you need to accomplish these goals, Sony used technologies developed for extremely accurate music reproduction. In this way, a 1-bit pulse stream can degrade the accuracy of each pulse...
...Sony's Clean Data Cycle. In the diagram above, (A) represents the output power pulse stream. That is, the leading and trailing edges of each pulse must be carefully controlled. In specific, the S-Master Pro LSI incorporates five important technologies: • Clean Data Cycle. In ES Receivers... playback. As with time-axis accuracy equivalent to the original A/D converter at the pulses, you need to accomplish these goals, Sony used technologies developed for extremely accurate music reproduction. In this way, a 1-bit pulse stream can degrade the accuracy of each pulse...
Technical Background
Page 8
...; Complementary Pulse Length Modulation (C-PLM). Synchronous Time Accuracy Controller (S-TACT), originally developed for time-base errors. S-Master Pro Benefits Sony's S-Master Pro design delivers a host of the power amplifier. Most digital volume controls work by adjusting the regulator that sacrifices...take up far less space. This has a profound impact on the physical design of benefits. • Simplicity. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 8 Sony's DC Phase Linearizer gives you several control positions, including Off, enabling you have seven amplifiers, each putting out 170 ...
...; Complementary Pulse Length Modulation (C-PLM). Synchronous Time Accuracy Controller (S-TACT), originally developed for time-base errors. S-Master Pro Benefits Sony's S-Master Pro design delivers a host of the power amplifier. Most digital volume controls work by adjusting the regulator that sacrifices...take up far less space. This has a profound impact on the physical design of benefits. • Simplicity. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 8 Sony's DC Phase Linearizer gives you several control positions, including Off, enabling you have seven amplifiers, each putting out 170 ...
Technical Background
Page 9
... Compact Disc that makes the most sense. Bass is inefficient. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 9 In Sony's words, they can be rationalized. Unfortunately, the changing heat can degrade the electrical performance of integrated circuitry, Sony's CXD9773Q Large Scale Integrated circuit (LSI). Because the S-Master Pro ...Superb open -loop" mode. So thermal modulation is soft. The 32-bit Upgrade Where the acclaimed STR-DA9000ES took advantage of 24-bit S-Master Pro processing, Sony's latest design boasts the superior precision of crossover distortion, which is particularly audible when the music is...
... Compact Disc that makes the most sense. Bass is inefficient. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 9 In Sony's words, they can be rationalized. Unfortunately, the changing heat can degrade the electrical performance of integrated circuitry, Sony's CXD9773Q Large Scale Integrated circuit (LSI). Because the S-Master Pro ...Superb open -loop" mode. So thermal modulation is soft. The 32-bit Upgrade Where the acclaimed STR-DA9000ES took advantage of 24-bit S-Master Pro processing, Sony's latest design boasts the superior precision of crossover distortion, which is particularly audible when the music is...
Technical Background
Page 10
...audio sources. • Higher accuracy for the Clean Data Cycle. Because one-bit digital signals depend on the final sound quality.) ES Receivers v1.0 Page 10 For comparison, it takes a billion femtoseconds to equal one full second as many femtoseconds in one nanosecond. Stated another ...a metal crystal. So it takes an electron to the theoretical minimum. (Note: This measure, 80 attoseconds is fairly precise. One femtosecond is Sony's own CXD9773Q. • Superior dynamic range. So we can say that the 32-bit Clean Data Cycle reduces jitter to fluctuate within a single...
...audio sources. • Higher accuracy for the Clean Data Cycle. Because one-bit digital signals depend on the final sound quality.) ES Receivers v1.0 Page 10 For comparison, it takes a billion femtoseconds to equal one full second as many femtoseconds in one nanosecond. Stated another ...a metal crystal. So it takes an electron to the theoretical minimum. (Note: This measure, 80 attoseconds is fairly precise. One femtosecond is Sony's own CXD9773Q. • Superior dynamic range. So we can say that the 32-bit Clean Data Cycle reduces jitter to fluctuate within a single...
Technical Background
Page 11
...enough to the selection, configuration, bias current and heat sinking of the STR-DA7100ES will never see these factors. But their design, digital amplifiers are more data in black, the toroidal coils of Sony's Low Pass Filters are inherently less sensitive to the meteor impacts of...dynamics to handle everything from a the Dies Irae of Sony ES selected the filter parts carefully and methodically. That's why the engineers of Verdi's Requiem to these toroidal coils, but they selected deluxe Metal Oxide ES Receivers v1.0 Page 11 MOS FET Output Transistors In traditional ...
...enough to the selection, configuration, bias current and heat sinking of the STR-DA7100ES will never see these factors. But their design, digital amplifiers are more data in black, the toroidal coils of Sony's Low Pass Filters are inherently less sensitive to the meteor impacts of...dynamics to handle everything from a the Dies Irae of Sony ES selected the filter parts carefully and methodically. That's why the engineers of Verdi's Requiem to these toroidal coils, but they selected deluxe Metal Oxide ES Receivers v1.0 Page 11 MOS FET Output Transistors In traditional ...
Technical Background
Page 12
... two distinct sides. The bottom is designed to radiate heat, and is usually attached to conduct heat away from which heat cannot escape. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 12 The top is 1 mm thick or less, for far better dissipation of heat. At right, the MOS FETs used in...circuit board. Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOS FETs), four per channel). The twelve black chips are remarkable for the STR-DA7100ES. On the left, the MOS FET output transistor used in Sony's STRDA9000ES was 2 to 3 mm thick. Consider the packaging. No matter how much cooling may be available at ...
... two distinct sides. The bottom is designed to radiate heat, and is usually attached to conduct heat away from which heat cannot escape. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 12 The top is 1 mm thick or less, for far better dissipation of heat. At right, the MOS FETs used in...circuit board. Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOS FETs), four per channel). The twelve black chips are remarkable for the STR-DA7100ES. On the left, the MOS FET output transistor used in Sony's STRDA9000ES was 2 to 3 mm thick. Consider the packaging. No matter how much cooling may be available at ...
Technical Background
Page 13
...is surface mounted to a four-layer circuit board (bottom). Extreme close-up of a single MOS FET output transistor (middle), bonded to ES Receivers v1.0 Page 13 The four large black ICs in the middle are surface mounted. On the right, the same circuit board with no ribs ... the transistor package, which runs counter to every practice in traditional amplifiers-makes perfect sense considering the low heat generation of Sony's S-Master Pro digital amplifier. The power MOS FETs in Sony's STR-DA7100ES are of a dramatically different design, 50 to 70% thinner than the previous design.
...is surface mounted to a four-layer circuit board (bottom). Extreme close-up of a single MOS FET output transistor (middle), bonded to ES Receivers v1.0 Page 13 The four large black ICs in the middle are surface mounted. On the right, the same circuit board with no ribs ... the transistor package, which runs counter to every practice in traditional amplifiers-makes perfect sense considering the low heat generation of Sony's S-Master Pro digital amplifier. The power MOS FETs in Sony's STR-DA7100ES are of a dramatically different design, 50 to 70% thinner than the previous design.
Technical Background
Page 14
... work. On big amps, you and the sound. And nothing intrudes between you 'll usually find the output transistors bonded to the cool running of Sony's S-Master Pro amplifier, the MOS FETs are at the back or sides of the chassis. This was sufficient for 15 amps of current. As a ...result, the DA9000ES MOS FET binding wires had 30 amp capacity. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 14 As a result, the music is cool and consistent. In the STR-DA9000ES, the MOS FETs use "double wire molecular bonding" with two bonding wires, each rated for the transistor's ...
... work. On big amps, you and the sound. And nothing intrudes between you 'll usually find the output transistors bonded to the cool running of Sony's S-Master Pro amplifier, the MOS FETs are at the back or sides of the chassis. This was sufficient for 15 amps of current. As a ...result, the DA9000ES MOS FET binding wires had 30 amp capacity. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 14 As a result, the music is cool and consistent. In the STR-DA9000ES, the MOS FETs use "double wire molecular bonding" with two bonding wires, each rated for the transistor's ...
Technical Background
Page 15
... resistance, compared to just 1 milliohm or less. Note how small the power amplifier is cut in half. Internal layout of the DA9000ES. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 15 The Drain on this experience, the redesigned MOS FETs for Source (S), Gate (G) and Drain (D). Illustration of the bare transistor of... is die attached.) While the double wire bonding of the DA9000ES achieved a low resistance of 5 milliohms, the sheet metal bonding of the STR-DA7100ES MOS FET, showing connections for the STRDA7100 use "sheet metal molecular bonding." This not only improves damping factor, it also helps reduce ...
... resistance, compared to just 1 milliohm or less. Note how small the power amplifier is cut in half. Internal layout of the DA9000ES. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 15 The Drain on this experience, the redesigned MOS FETs for Source (S), Gate (G) and Drain (D). Illustration of the bare transistor of... is die attached.) While the double wire bonding of the DA9000ES achieved a low resistance of 5 milliohms, the sheet metal bonding of the STR-DA7100ES MOS FET, showing connections for the STRDA7100 use "sheet metal molecular bonding." This not only improves damping factor, it also helps reduce ...
Technical Background
Page 16
...HDMI can support digital video in both RGB and Y/Cb/Cr form. And Sony has been quick to the STR-DA7100ES receiver, Now the STR-DA7100 goes a giant step further with the High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). Our STR-DA9000ES was one cable! On the left, an HDMI plug and its ... the television. This greatly simplifies system set-up, replacing as many as TV Channel 3 or 4. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 16 Far better is S-Video. At the bottom rung of Sony ES Series DVD players can transmit uncompressed High Definition digital video and digital audio via a single cable. HDMI...
...HDMI can support digital video in both RGB and Y/Cb/Cr form. And Sony has been quick to the STR-DA7100ES receiver, Now the STR-DA7100 goes a giant step further with the High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). Our STR-DA9000ES was one cable! On the left, an HDMI plug and its ... the television. This greatly simplifies system set-up, replacing as many as TV Channel 3 or 4. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 16 Far better is S-Video. At the bottom rung of Sony ES Series DVD players can transmit uncompressed High Definition digital video and digital audio via a single cable. HDMI...
Technical Background
Page 17
...I 'm a television. In this way, the equipment can support a full range of Sony ES Series DVD players can automatically choose the highest performance audio and video formats that would ...single cable! Page 17 For example, the HDMI output of digital audio, including 2-channel stereo PCM, Dolby Digital® and DTS® 5.1-channel compressed audio and even uncompressed ...offers a simpler way. ES Receivers v1.0 Television with HDMI input Hi. I 'm a DVD player. Image 3 cables Component Sound Analogue 6 cables DVD TV HDMI 1 cable STR DVD TV STR etc etc Sound Digital 1...
...I 'm a television. In this way, the equipment can support a full range of Sony ES Series DVD players can automatically choose the highest performance audio and video formats that would ...single cable! Page 17 For example, the HDMI output of digital audio, including 2-channel stereo PCM, Dolby Digital® and DTS® 5.1-channel compressed audio and even uncompressed ...offers a simpler way. ES Receivers v1.0 Television with HDMI input Hi. I 'm a DVD player. Image 3 cables Component Sound Analogue 6 cables DVD TV HDMI 1 cable STR DVD TV STR etc etc Sound Digital 1...
Technical Background
Page 18
...input & output Television with HDMI output OK. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 18 In the case of this case, the source component DVD player can output those signals. DVD player with HDMI input Thank you insert the STR-DA7100ES into the reproduction chain. Television with HDMI output... What is asking for 720p. The receiver must then communicate with HDMI input I can only talk to the source component. I can...
...input & output Television with HDMI output OK. ES Receivers v1.0 Page 18 In the case of this case, the source component DVD player can output those signals. DVD player with HDMI input Thank you insert the STR-DA7100ES into the reproduction chain. Television with HDMI output... What is asking for 720p. The receiver must then communicate with HDMI input I can only talk to the source component. I can...
Technical Background
Page 19
...output Television with HDMI input Television, what is HDMI AUDIO [AMP], which chooses the audio based on the STR-DA7100ES receiver let you choose. DVD player with HDMI output Receiver with HDMI input & output Television with HDMI input Digital Video 720p Video capability of television Digital Audio 6.1 ...channels 48 kHz 24 bits Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits Audio capability Audio capability of receiver of television Digital Video 720p Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits The default mode is your input capability? Two settings on...
...output Television with HDMI input Television, what is HDMI AUDIO [AMP], which chooses the audio based on the STR-DA7100ES receiver let you choose. DVD player with HDMI output Receiver with HDMI input & output Television with HDMI input Digital Video 720p Video capability of television Digital Audio 6.1 ...channels 48 kHz 24 bits Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits Audio capability Audio capability of receiver of television Digital Video 720p Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits The default mode is your input capability? Two settings on...
Technical Background
Page 20
... Digital Video 720p Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits Now the DVD player can satisfy both the television's request for 720p and the receiver's request for audio and submits its capabilities, the television cannot play sound. HDMI AUDIO [ AMP ] : Default HDMI AUDIO [AMP+TV]... When you choose HDMI AUDIO [AMP], the receiver ignores the television's request for 6.1-channel audio. The audio is beyond its own audio specification back to the HDMI source component. HDMI AUDIO [ AMP ...
... Digital Video 720p Digital Audio 2 channels 48 kHz 16 bits Now the DVD player can satisfy both the television's request for 720p and the receiver's request for audio and submits its capabilities, the television cannot play sound. HDMI AUDIO [ AMP ] : Default HDMI AUDIO [AMP+TV]... When you choose HDMI AUDIO [AMP], the receiver ignores the television's request for 6.1-channel audio. The audio is beyond its own audio specification back to the HDMI source component. HDMI AUDIO [ AMP ...